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One property of microwaves is that they can propagate through non-conductive materials. In materials with bipolar molecular structures, such as water, the electric field of microwaves can cause oscillations during propagation through the medium. During this process, the microwaves lose some energy. This energy loss increases with the water content of the medium, and the results show that as the water concentration increases, less microwave energy will propagate to the other end of the medium. Water not only absorbs, but also reflects some of the microwave energy. By exploiting these two effects (absorption and reflection), the measurement of moisture in media can be achieved with microwave technology.
During the transmission process, when the substance to be tested is placed between the microwave emitting end and the detection end, the microwave intensity reaching the detection end decreases with the increase of moisture. Moisture content can be calculated by taking into account dry matter absorption and some other external factors. The principle of using microwave reflection to measure the moisture content of a medium is the same as that of transmission measurement, except that the microwave emitting end and the detection end are installed on the same side of the measured medium. Microwaves are not sensitive to the pH and conductivity of the measured medium. Total moisture (surface and internal) content can be measured.
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